学英文最实用的方式之一，就是从生活场景下手。厨房、餐厅与料理，正是每天都会接触、却又充满专业词汇的领域。这篇文章整理厨房、餐厅、食材与料理的常见中英对照词汇，无论你是料理爱好者、餐饮从业者，还是正在学英文的人，都能当作实用工具书。
一、烹饪方法
（一）焦化作用的烹饪方法
以空气为介质：
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|
| Grill | 烧烤 |
| Roast | 炉烤（肉、鱼） |
| Bake | 烘烤（淀粉类） |
| Gratin | 焗烤 |
| Broil | 烧、烤 |
| Pan-broil | 用浅锅烧烤 |
| Toast | 烤（面包土司等） |
以油为介质：
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|
| Deep Fry | 深油炸 |
| Pan Fry | 炒 |
| Stir fry | 快炒 |
| Saute | 煎 |
（二）软化作用的烹饪方法
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|
| Boil | 沸煮 |
| Simmer | 中火慢煮 |
| Steam | 蒸 |
| Blanch | 烫煮 |
| Poach | 小火慢煮 |
（三）混合焦化与软化作用的烹饪方法
（四）调味
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|
| Marinade | 用卤汁浸泡 |
| Smoke | 熏 |
| Puree | 做成糊 |
| Season | 加调味料 |
二、面粉与粉类
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|
| Plain flour / all-purpose flour | 中筋面粉 |
| Cake flour / soft flour / weak flour / low protein flour | 低筋面粉／低根粉 |
| Gluten flour / strong flour / bread flour / baker’s flour / high protein flour | 高筋面粉／筋面／根面／高根粉 |
| Whole wheat flour | 全麦面粉 |
| Non-glutinous flour / wheat flour / wheat starch | 澄面粉／澄粉／澄面 |
| Self-raising flour | 自发面粉 |
| Polenta / yellow cornmeal | 粗玉米豆粉 |
| Corn flour / cornstarch | 粟粉／粟米粉／玉米粉／玉米淀粉 |
| Potato starch / potato flour | 生粉／太白粉／地瓜粉 |
| Tapioca starch / tapioca flour | 树薯粉／木薯粉／茨粉／菱粉／泰国生粉 |
| Sweet potato flour | 蕃薯粉／地瓜粉 |
| Water chestnut flour | 马蹄粉 |
| Arrowroot flour | 葛粉 |
| Powdered baking ammonia / carbonate of ammonia / ammonia bicarbonate | 臭粉／胺粉／阿摩尼亚粉／嗅粉 |
| Baking powder | 发粉／泡打粉／泡大粉／速发粉／蛋糕发粉 |
| Baking soda / bicarb of soda | 苏打粉／小苏打／梳打粉／食粉／重曹 |
| Cream of tartar | 塔塔粉／他他粉 |
| Custard powder | 卡士达粉／蛋黄粉／吉士粉／吉时粉 |
| Custard / pastry cream | 卡士达／克林姆／奶皇馅／蛋奶馅 |
| Egg white powder | 蛋白粉 |
| Rice flour | 粘米粉／黏米粉／在来米粉／在莱米粉／再来米粉 |
| Cooked rice flour | 糕仔粉 |
| Glutinous rice flour / sweet rice flour | 糯米粉 |
| Fried sweet rice flour / fried glutinous rice flour | 凤片粉／熟糯米粉／糕粉／加工糕粉 |
| Mung bean flour / tepung hun kwee | 绿豆粉 |
| Wheat germ | 小麦胚芽／麦芽粉 |
| Wheat gluten | 小麦蛋白／面筋粉 |
| Alkaline water / lye water / potassium carbonate | 碱水／(木见)水 |
| Alum | 白矾 |
| Borax | 硼砂 |
| Gypsum | 石膏 |
| Yeast / ibu roti | 酵母／酒饼 |
| Bread | 面包／面饱 |
| Toast | 土司面包／吐司 |
| Breadcrumbs | 面包糠／面包屑 |
三、香草与香料
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|
| Vanilla bean / vanilla pod | 香草豆／香草荚／香草片／香子兰荚 |
| Vanilla extract / vanilla essence | 香草精／云尼拉香精／凡尼拉香精 |
| Vanilla powder | 香草粉 |
| Ground pandan / ground screwpine leaves / serbok daun pandan | 班兰粉／香兰粉 |
| Pandan paste / pasta pandan | 班兰精／香兰精 |
| Rosewater / rosewater essence | 玫瑰露／玫瑰露精 |
| Almond flour / almond meal | 杏仁粉 |
| Grated zest / grated rind | 皮屑 |
| Ground seaweed | 海苔粉 |
四、糖类与糖浆
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|
| Molasses | 黑蔗糖浆／糖蜜／甘蔗糖蜜 |
| Golden syrup | 金黄糖浆 |
| Maple syrup | 枫糖浆／枫树糖浆／枫糖 |
| Corn syrup / karo syrup | 玉米糖浆 |
| Glucose syrup | 葡萄糖浆 |
| Barley malt syrup / malt syrup | 麦芽糖浆 |
| Maltose / malt sugar | 麦芽糖 |
| Caramel | 焦糖 |
| Fructose | 果糖 |
| Lactose | 乳糖 |
| Invert sugar | 转化糖 |
| Amazake | 日式糙米糖浆 |
| Marshmallow cream | 绵花糖霜 |
| Rock sugar / crystal sugar | 冰糖 |
| Palm sugar / gula malacca | 椰糖／爪哇红糖 |
| Dark brown sugar | 红糖／黑糖 |
| Muscovado sugar | 红糖／黑糖 |
| Demerara sugar | 金砂糖 |
| Raw sugar / raw cane sugar / unrefined cane sugar | 原蔗糖 |
| White sugar / refined sugar / coarse granulated sugar | 白砂糖／粗砂糖 |
| Castor sugar | 细砂糖／幼砂糖 |
| Icing sugar / confectioners’ sugar / powdered sugar | 糖粉 |
| Icing / frosting | 糖霜／点缀霜 |
| Stevia / honey leaf | 蜜叶糖／甜叶菊 |
| Aspartame / sweetener / sugar substitute | 代糖／阿斯巴甜 |
五、乳制品与油脂
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|
| Butter | 牛油／奶油／黄油 |
| Margarine | 玛珈琳／玛琪琳／乳玛琳／人造奶油／菜油 |
| Pastry margarine / oleo margarine | 起酥油／起酥玛琪琳 |
| Lard / cooking fat | 猪油／白油／大油／板油 |
| Shortening | 酥油／雪白奶油 |
| Copha | 硬化椰子油 |
| Dripping | 烤油 |
| Light cream / coffee cream / table cream | 淡忌廉 |
| Cream / whipping cream | 鲜奶油／忌廉／鲜忌廉 |
| Sour cream | 酸奶油／酸忌廉／酸奶酪／酸乳酪 |
| Milk | 牛奶／鲜奶／鲜乳 |
| Powdered milk / milk powder | 奶粉 |
| Evaporated milk | 花奶／淡奶／奶水／蒸发奶 |
| Condensed milk / sweetened condensed milk | 炼奶 |
| Cheese | 起士／起司／芝士／乳酪／奶酪／干酪／乳饼 |
| Powdered cheese | 起司粉 |
| Cream cheese | 奶油起司／芝士忌廉／奶油乳酪／凝脂乳酪 |
| Mascarpone cheese | 玛斯卡波尼起司／马司卡膨起司／义大利乳酪 |
| Yoghurt | 优格／乳果／酸奶酪／酸乳酪 |
| Yoghurt drink / drinking yoghurt | 优酪乳／酸奶 |
六、豆类、坚果与干货
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|
| Soy bean | 黄豆 |
| Red bean / adzuki bean | 红豆 |
| Red bean paste | 红豆沙／乌豆沙 |
| Mung bean | 绿豆 |
| Split mung bean | 绿豆片 |
| Pearl barley | 薏米 |
| Pearl sago / pearl tapioca | 沙莪粒／西米／小茨丸 |
| Lotus root | 莲藕 |
| Lotus paste | 莲蓉 |
| Chinese red dates | 红枣 |
| Preserved red dates | 蜜枣 |
| Red date paste | 枣泥 |
| Dried longan | 龙眼干／龙眼肉／桂圆／圆肉 |
| Raisin | 葡萄干 |
| Dried persimmon | 柿饼 |
| Dried peach | 桃脯 |
| Dried apricot | 杏脯 |
| Dried apple | 苹果脯／苹果干 |
| Dried orange peel / dried tangerine peel | 陈皮 |
| Dried lily bulb | 百合 |
| Glace cherry / candied cherry | 蜜渍樱桃／露桃／车梨子 |
| Glace pineapple / candied pineapple | 蜜渍凤梨 |
| Cashew nut | 腰子豆／腰果／腰果仁／介寿果 |
| Peanut | 花生 |
| Pepitas / dried pumpkin seeds | 瓜子／南瓜子 |
| Pine nut | 崧子／松子仁 |
| Chestnut | 栗子 |
| Chestnut puree / chestnut paste | 栗蓉 |
| Walnut | 核桃／核桃仁／合桃／胡桃 |
| Almond | 杏仁／杏仁片／扁桃 |
| Apricot kernel / chinese almond / bitter almond | 北杏／苦杏仁 |
| Apricot kernel | 南杏 |
| Hazelnut / filbert / cobnut | 榛果／榛仁 |
| Pistachio | 开心果／阿月浑子 |
| Macadamia / california nut | 坚果／澳洲坚果／夏威夷果／澳洲胡桃 |
| Pecan | 山胡桃／胡桃 |
| Candlenut / buah keras | 石鼓仔／马加拉／油桐子 |
| Ginkgo nut | 白果／银杏 |
| Betel | 槟榔 |
| Sesame seed | 芝麻 |
| Lotus seed | 莲子 |
| Poppy seed | 罂粟子 |
| Atap seed | 亚答子 |
七、烘焙与甜点
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|
| French toast | 法式吐司 |
| Rye bread | 裸麦面包 |
| Pie | 派／批 |
| Tart | 塔／挞 |
| Cream pie | 冻派／冻批 |
| Egg tart / custard tart | 蛋塔 |
| Quiche lorraine | 法式蛋塔 |
| Chiffon cake | 戚风蛋糕 |
| Sponge cake | 海绵蛋糕 |
| Choux pastry / puff | 泡芙 |
| Meringue | 玛琳／焗蛋泡 |
| Eggnog | 蛋蜜乳 |
| Crepe | 可丽饼 |
| Pancake | 煎饼／热饼／薄烤饼 |
| Pikelet / hotcake | 厚松饼 |
| Tortillas | 墨西哥面饼 |
| Cookies | 曲奇 |
| Mousse | 慕斯／慕思 |
| Pudding | 布甸／布丁 |
| Scones | 司康／比司吉 |
| Souffles | 舒芙蕾 |
| Hash brown | 洋芋块 |
| English muffin | 英式松饼／玛芬 |
| American muffin | 松糕／玛芬 |
| Waffle | 格子松饼 |
八、调味料与酱料
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|
| Ketchup | 蕃茄酱（沾薯条的那种） |
| Tomato sauce | 蕃茄酱汁（普通甜的） |
| Tomato paste | 蕃茄糊（义大利料理用的） |
| Rice vinegar | 白醋（工研醋） |
| Black vinegar | 乌醋 |
| White vinegar | 白醋（西洋料理用的） |
| Chili sauce | 辣椒酱 |
| Chilli bean sauce | 豆办酱 |
| XO sauce | XO 酱 |
| Bull head barbecue sauce / Chinese barbecue sauce | 牛头牌沙茶酱 |
| Green tea powder | 抹茶粉 |
| Ginger powder | 姜粉 |
| Apricot glaze | 杏桃果胶 |
| Fermented red beancurd | 南乳 |
| Multi-grain flour | 杂粮预拌粉 |
| Wafer biscuit | 威化饼干 |
九、其他食材
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|
| Wonton wrapper / wonton skins | 馄钝皮 |
| Dumpling wrapper / dumpling skins / gyoza wrapper | 水饺皮 |
| Spring roll wrapper / egg roll wrapper | 春卷皮 |
| Dried black fungus / black fungus / wood ear fungus | 黑木耳 |
| Roasted seaweed sushi nori / toasted nori seaweed | 烧海苔 |
| Nori seaweed / dried sea laver | 板海苔 |
| Dried shrimp | 虾米 |
| Salted egg yolk | 咸蛋黄 |
| Choc bits / chocolate chips | 耐烤巧克力豆 |
| Chocolate vermicelli | 巧克力米／朱古力米 |
| Chocolate curls | 巧克力削／朱古力削 |
| Desiccated coconut / shredded coconut | 椰丝／椰茸／椰子粉 |
| Grass jelly | 凉粉／仙草 |
| Jelly | 果子冻／果冻粉／(口者)喱 |
| Gelatine sheets / powdered gelatine | 鱼胶粉／吉利丁／明胶 |
| Agar agar powder | 大菜／菜燕／洋菜／琼脂 |
| Food colouring | 食用色素 |
| Sponge fingers / ladyfingers / savoiardi | 手指饼干 |
| Saltine crackers | 苏打饼干 |
| Peaches in syrup | 水蜜桃罐头 |
| Sliced peaches in syrup | 切片水蜜桃罐头 |
| Cocktail fruit in syrup | 综合水果罐头 |
十、蔬菜与水果
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|
| Agar (Agar-Agar) | 洋菜、燕菜精、琼脂 |
| Agaric | 木耳 |
| Agaricus | 蘑菇 |
| Apple | 苹果 |
| Asparagus | 芦笋 |
| Aubergine / eggplant / Chinese eggplant | 茄子 |
| Baby corn | 玉米尖 |
| Bamboo shoot | 竹笋 |
| Banana | 香蕉 |
| Bean sprout | 豆芽 |
| Beancurd sheets | 百页 |
| Beetroot / beet | 甜菜 |
| Bitter gourd | 苦瓜 |
| Bramleys | 可煮食的苹果 |
| Broccoli | 花椰菜 |
| Broccoli florets | 绿花菜 |
| Button mushroom | 草菇 |
| Cabbage | 包心菜 |
| Carambola | 杨桃 |
| Caraway / coriander / cilantro | 香菜 |
| Carrot | 红萝卜、胡萝卜 |
| Cauliflower | 白花菜 |
| Celery | 芹菜 |
| Chise mushroom | 香菇 |
| Cherry | 樱桃 |
| Chestnut | 栗子 |
| Chilli | 辣椒 |
| Chinese leaves | 大白菜 |
| Chive | 细香葱 |
| Coconut | 椰子 |
| Coriander | 香菜 |
| Corn | 玉米粒 |
| Courgette | 绿皮南瓜 |
| Cucumber | 大黄瓜／黄瓜 |
| Date | 枣子、椰枣 |
| Dried bamboo shoot | 笋干 |
| Dried lily flower | 金针菜 |
| Dried mushroom | 冬菇 |
| Durian | 榴梿 |
| Dwarf bean | 四季豆 |
| Edamame | 毛豆 |
| Eddoes | 小芋头 |
| Eggplant | 茄子 |
| Fig | 无花果 |
| Flat beans | 长形平豆 |
| Garlic / garlic bulb | 蒜头 |
| Garlic chive / Chinese chive / Chinese leek | 韭菜 |
| Gherkin | 迷你小黄瓜 |
| Ginger | 姜 |
| Golden apple | 黄绿苹果 |
| Granny smith | 绿苹果 |
| Grape | 葡萄 |
| Grapefruit | 葡萄柚 |
| Green onion | 葱 |
| Green pepper | 青椒 |
| Guava | 芭乐 |
| Hair-like seaweed | 发菜 |
| Honey-dew melon | 哈密瓜 |
| Honeydew-melon | 蜜瓜 |
| Iceberg / lettuce | 生菜／莴苣 |
| Juice peach | 水蜜桃 |
| Kale | 西洋甘蓝菜 |
| Kiwi | 奇异果 |
| Laver | 紫菜 |
| Leek | 韭葱、大葱、京葱 |
| Lemon | 柠檬 |
| Lettuce | 生菜／莴苣 |
| Lichee (lychee) | 荔枝 |
| Long crooked squash | 菜瓜 |
| Longan | 龙眼 |
| Loofah | 丝瓜 |
| Loquat | 枇杷 |
| Lotus root | 莲藕 |
| Mandarin orange | 橘 |
| Mango | 芒果 |
| Mooli / Chinese radish / Japanese radish | 白萝卜 |
| Mushroom | 蘑菇 |
| Muskmelon | 香瓜 |
| Mustard & cress | 芥菜苗 |
| Mustard leaf | 芥菜 |
| Needle mushroom | 金针菇 |
| Okra | 秋葵 |
| Olive | 橄榄 |
| Onion | 洋葱 |
| Orange | 橙 |
| Papaya | 木瓜 |
| Pea | 豌豆 |
| Peach | 桃子 |
| Pear | 西洋梨 |
| Persimmon | 柿子 |
| Pineapple | 凤梨 |
| Plum | 李子 |
| Ponkan | 碰柑 |
| Potato / spud | 马铃薯 |
| Preserved szechuan pickle | 榨菜 |
| Pumpkin | 南瓜 |
| Radish | 小红萝卜 |
| Rambutan | 红毛丹 |
| Red cabbage | 紫色包心菜 |
| Red pepper | 红椒 |
| Salted vegetable | 雪里红 |
| Scallion / leek | 韭葱 |
| Shaddock | 文旦 |
| Soybean sprout | 黄豆芽 |
| Spinach | 菠菜 |
| Spring onions | 葱 |
| Sprout | 结球菜心 |
| Starfruit | 杨桃 |
| Strawberry | 草莓 |
| String bean | 四季豆 |
| Sugar-cane | 甘蔗 |
| Swede or turnip | 芜菁 |
| Sweet corn | 玉米 |
| Sweet potato | 蕃薯 |
| Tangerine | 橘子 |
| Taro | 芋头 |
| Tarragon | 艾蒿、龙艾、茵陈蒿、龙蒿 |
| Turnip | 芜菁 |
| Tomato | 番茄 |
| Water caltrop | 菱角 |
| Water chestnut | 荸荠 |
| Water convolvulus | 空心菜 |
| Watercress | 西洋菜 |
| Watermelon | 西瓜 |
| Wax-apple | 莲雾 |
| White cabbage | 包心菜 |
| White fungus | 白木耳 |
| White gourd | 冬瓜 |
| Yam | 山芋 |
| Yellow chives | 韭黄 |
| Yellow pepper | 黄椒 |
小结
这份中英对照词汇表涵盖了烹饪方法、粉类、香草香料、糖类、乳制品、豆类坚果、烘焙甜点、调味酱料、其他食材，以及蔬菜水果等十大类。无论是阅读英文食谱、出国采买，或是与外国朋友交流料理心得，都能派上用场。
建议把这份清单存起来，遇到不确定的词汇随时查阅，久而久之，这些厨房与食材的英文就会自然内化成你的生活字汇。
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